Zambia:
Military & Transnational Issues


Military branches	Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Army, Air Force, Police, National Service
Military service age and obligation	18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Manpower available for military service	males age 18-49: 2,219,739 females age 18-49: 2,159,688 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service	males age 18-49: 1,043,702 females age 18-49: 953,328 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.8% (2005 est.)

Disputes - international	in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; 42,250 Congolese refugees in Zambia are offered voluntary repatriation in November 2006, most of whom are expected to return in the next two years; Angolan refugees too have been repatriating but 26,450 still remain with 90,000 others from other neighboring states in 2006
Refugees and internally displaced persons	refugees (country of origin): 75,468 (Angola), 61,243 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 5,669 (Rwanda) (2006)
Illicit drugs	transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers; major consumer of cannabis