Iraq:
Military & Transnational Issues


Military branches	Iraqi Armed Forces: Iraqi Army (includes Iraqi Special Operations Force, Iraqi Intervention Force), Iraqi Navy (former Iraqi Coastal Defense Force), Iraqi Air Force (former Iraqi Army Air Corps) (2005)
Military service age and obligation	18-40 years of age for voluntary military service (2006)
Manpower available for military service	males age 18-49: 5,870,640 females age 18-49: 5,642,073 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service	males age 18-49: 4,930,074 females age 18-49: 4,771,105 (2005 est.)
Manpower reaching military age annually	males age 18-49: 198,518 females age 18-49: 289,879 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	8.6% (2006)

Disputes - international	coalition forces assist Iraqis in monitoring internal and cross-border security; approximately two million Iraqis have fled the conflict in Iraq, with the majority taking refuge in Syria and Jordan, and lesser numbers to Egypt, Lebanon, Iran, and Turkey; Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf; Turkey has expressed concern over the autonomous status of Kurds in Iraq
Refugees and internally displaced persons	refugees (country of origin): 15,000 (Palestinian Territories), 11,960 (Iran), 16,110 (Turkey) IDPs: 1.9 million (ongoing US-led war and Kurds' subsequent return) (2007)