Ghana:
Military & Transnational Issues


Military branches	Ghanaian Army, Ghanaian Navy, Ghanaian Air Force (2007)
Military service age and obligation	18 years of age for compulsory and volunteer military service (2001)
Manpower available for military service	males age 18-49: 4,808,451 females age 18-49: 4,762,459 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service	males age 18-49: 3,011,081 females age 18-49: 2,991,551 (2005 est.)
Manpower reaching military age annually	males age 18-49: 251,056 females age 18-49: 247,777 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.8% (2006 est.)

Disputes - international	Ghana struggles to accommodate returning nationals who worked in the cocoa plantations and escaped fighting in Cote d'Ivoire
Refugees and internally displaced persons	refugees (country of origin): 38,684 (Liberia), 14,136 (Togo) (2006)
Illicit drugs	illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money laundering center; significant domestic cocaine and cannabis use