Norfolk Island:
Geography


Background	Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.

Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Geographic coordinates	29 02 S, 167 57 E
Map references	Oceania
Area	total: 34.6 sq km land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries	0 km
Coastline	32 km
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Climate	subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation
Terrain	volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
Natural resources	fish
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Irrigated land	NA
Natural hazards	typhoons (especially May to July)
Environment - current issues	NA
Geography - note	most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated