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Nigeria:
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Other pages in this profile of Nigeria:
Geography, People, Government, Communications & Transportation, Military & Transnational Issues.
Geography, People, Government, Communications & Transportation, Military & Transnational Issues.
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Economy - overview |
Definition Oil-rich Nigeria, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor macroeconomic management, is undertaking some reforms under a new reform-minded administration. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from its overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 80% of budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth - Nigeria is Africa's most populous country - and the country, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. Nigeria pulled out of its IMF program in April 2002, after failing to meet spending and exchange rate targets, making it ineligible for additional debt forgiveness from the Paris Club. In the last year the government has begun showing the political will to implement the market-oriented reforms urged by the IMF, such as to modernize the banking system, to curb inflation by blocking excessive wage demands, and to resolve regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the oil industry. In 2003, the government began deregulating fuel prices, announced the privatization of the country's four oil refineries, and instituted the National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy, a domestically designed and run program modeled on the IMF's Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility for fiscal and monetary management. In November 2005, Abuja won Paris Club approval for a debt-relief deal that eliminated $18 billion of debt in exchange for $12 billion in payments - a total package worth $30 billion of Nigeria's total $37 billion external debt. The deal requires Nigeria to be subject to stringent IMF reviews. GDP rose strongly in 2007, based largely on increased oil exports and high global crude prices. Newly-elected President YAR'ADUA has pledged to continue the economic reforms of his predecessor and the proposed budget for 2008 reflects the administrations emphasis on infrastructure improvements. Infrastructure is the main impediment to growth. The government is working toward developing stronger public-private partnerships for electricity and roads. |
GDP (purchasing power parity) |
Definition - World rank and map $292.7 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate) |
Definition $166.8 billion (2007 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate |
Definition - World rank and map 6.4% (2007 est.) |
GDP - per capita |
Definition - World rank and map $2,000 (2007 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector |
Definition agriculture: 17.6% industry: 52.7% services: 29.7% (2007 est.) |
Labor force |
Definition 50.13 million (2007 est.) |
Labor force - by occupation |
Definition agriculture: 70% industry: 10% services: 20% (1999 est.) |
Unemployment rate |
Definition - World rank and map 4.9% (2007 est.) |
Population below poverty line |
Definition 70% (2007 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share |
Definition lowest 10%: 1.9% highest 10%: 33.2% (2003) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index |
Definition - World rank and map 43.7 (2003) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices) |
Definition - World rank and map 5.5% (2007 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed) |
Definition - World rank and map 24.9% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Budget |
Definition revenues: $19.65 billion expenditures: $21.68 billion (2007 est.) |
Public debt |
Definition - World rank and map 14.5% of GDP (2007 est.) |
Agriculture - products |
Definition cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish |
Industries |
Definition crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel, small commercial ship construction and repair |
Industrial production growth rate |
Definition - World rank and map 3.4% (2007 est.) |
Electricity - production |
Definition - World rank and map 22.53 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - consumption |
Definition - World rank and map 16.88 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - consumption per capita |
Definition - World rank and map 122.1 kWh (2005) |
Electricity - exports |
Definition 0 kWh (2005) |
Electricity - imports |
Definition 0 kWh (2005) |
Oil - production |
Definition - World rank and map 2.44 million bbl/day (2006 est.) |
Oil - consumption |
Definition - World rank and map 302,000 bbl/day (2006 est.) |
Oil - consumption per 1,000 people |
Definition - World rank and map 2.2 bbl/day (2006 est.) |
Oil - exports |
Definition - World rank and map 2.141 million bbl/day (2006) |
Oil - imports |
Definition - World rank and map 167,900 bbl/day (2004) |
Oil - proved reserves |
Definition - World rank and map 37.25 billion bbl (2007 est.) |
Natural gas - production |
Definition - World rank and map 21.48 billion cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption |
Definition - World rank and map 9.936 billion cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption per capita |
Definition - World rank and map 72 cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - exports |
Definition - World rank and map 11.55 billion cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural gas - imports |
Definition - World rank and map 0 cu m (2005) |
Natural gas - proved reserves |
Definition - World rank and map 5.015 trillion cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
Current account balance |
Definition - World rank and map $1.205 billion (2007 est.) |
Exports |
Definition - World rank and map $62.42 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Exports - commodities |
Definition petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber |
Exports - partners |
Definition US 51.2%, Brazil 7.9%, Spain 7.6% (2006) |
Imports |
Definition - World rank and map $38.83 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
Imports - commodities |
Definition machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals |
Imports - partners |
Definition China 10.9%, Netherlands 8.2%, US 8.1%, UK 5.4%, Brazil 5.2%, France 4.5%, Germany 4.3% (2006) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold |
Definition - World rank and map $51.33 billion (31 December 2007 est.) |
Debt - external |
Definition - World rank and map $8.031 billion (31 December 2007 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home |
Definition $33.64 billion (2007 est.) |
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad |
Definition $12.63 billion (2007 est.) |
Market value of publicly traded shares |
Definition $32.82 billion (2006) |
Economic aid - recipient |
Definition $6.437 billion (2005) |
Currency (code) |
Definition naira (NGN) |
Exchange rates |
Definition nairas per US dollar - 127.46 (2007), 127.38 (2006), 132.59 (2005), 132.89 (2004), 129.22 (2003) |
Fiscal year |
Definition calendar year |
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