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Ecuador:
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Other pages in this profile of Ecuador:
Geography, People, Government, Communications & Transportation, Military & Transnational Issues.
Geography, People, Government, Communications & Transportation, Military & Transnational Issues.
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Economy - overview |
Ecuador has substantial petroleum resources, which have accounted for 40% of the country's export earnings and one-third of central government budget revenues in recent years. Consequently, fluctuations in world market prices can have a substantial domestic impact. In the late 1990s, Ecuador suffered its worst economic crisis, with natural disasters and sharp declines in world petroleum prices driving Ecuador's economy into free fall in 1999. Real GDP contracted by more than 6%, with poverty worsening significantly. The banking system also collapsed, and Ecuador defaulted on its external debt later that year. The currency depreciated by some 70% in 1999, and, on the brink of hyperinflation, the MAHAUD government announced it would dollarize the economy. A coup, however, ousted MAHAUD from office in January 2000, and after a short-lived junta failed to garner military support, Vice President Gustavo NOBOA took over the presidency. In March 2000, Congress approved a series of structural reforms that also provided the framework for the adoption of the US dollar as legal tender. Dollarization stabilized the economy, and growth returned to its pre-crisis levels in the years that followed. Under the administration of Lucio GUTIERREZ - January 2003 to April 2005 - Ecuador benefited from higher world petroleum prices. However, the government under Alfredo PALACIO reversed economic reforms that reduced Ecuador's vulnerability to petroleum price swings and financial crises, allowing the central government greater access to oil windfalls and disbursing surplus retirement funds. |
GDP (purchasing power parity) |
$61.52 billion (2006 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate) |
$32.73 billion (2006 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate |
4.1% (2006 est.) |
GDP - per capita |
$4,500 (2006 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector |
agriculture: 6.1% industry: 35.3% services: 58.6% (2006 est.) |
Labor force |
4.38 million (urban) (2006 est.) |
Labor force - by occupation |
agriculture: 8% industry: 24% services: 68% (2001) |
Unemployment rate |
10.6% official rate; but underemployment of 47% (2006 est.) |
Population below poverty line |
38.5% (2005-06) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share |
lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 32% note: data for urban households only (October 2003) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index |
42 note: data are for urban households (2003) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices) |
3.3% (2006 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed) |
21.8% of GDP (2006 est.) |
Budget |
revenues: $11.26 billion expenditures: planned $9.928 billion (2006 est.) |
Public debt |
33% of GDP (2006 est.) |
Agriculture - products |
bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp |
Industries |
petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals |
Electricity - production |
12.94 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - consumption |
8.855 billion kWh (2005) |
Electricity - exports |
16 million kWh (2005) |
Electricity - imports |
1.723 billion kWh (2005) |
Oil - production |
493,200 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
Oil - consumption |
148,000 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
Oil - exports |
420,600 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
Oil - imports |
NA bbl/day |
Oil - proved reserves |
5.114 billion bbl (1 January 2006) |
Natural Gas - production |
249.4 million cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural Gas - consumption |
249.4 million cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural Gas - exports |
0 cu m (2005 est.) |
Natural Gas - imports |
0 cu m (2005) |
Natural Gas - proved reserves |
9.369 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.) |
Current account balance |
$1.433 billion (2006 est.) |
Exports |
$13.05 billion (2006 est.) |
Exports - commodities |
petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp |
Exports - partners |
US 53.6%, Peru 8.2%, Colombia 5.6%, Chile 4.4% (2006) |
Imports |
$11.33 billion (2006 est.) |
Imports - commodities |
vehicles, medicinal products, telecommunications equipment, electricity |
Imports - partners |
US 23.1%, Colombia 13.3%, Brazil 7.3%, Panama 4% (2006) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold |
$2.023 billion (2006 est.) |
Debt - external |
$16.93 billion (2006 est.) |
Economic aid - recipient |
$209.5 million (2005) |
Currency (code) |
US dollar (USD) |
Exchange rates |
the US dollar is used; the sucre was eliminated in 2000 |
Fiscal year |
calendar year |
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